A. Jenis koperasi berdasarkan fungsinya :
1. Koperasi Konsumsi
Koperasi ini didirikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan umum sehari-hari para anggotanya. Yang pasti barang kebutuhan yang dijual di koperasi harus lebih murah dibantingkan di tempat lain, karena koperasi bertujuan untuk mensejahterakan anggotanya.
2. Koperasi Jasa
Fungsinya adalah untuk memberikan jasa keuangan dalam bentuk pinjaman kepada para anggotanya. Tentu bunga yang dipatok harus lebih renda dari tempat meminjam uang yang lain.
3. Koperasi Produksi
Bidang usahanya adalah membantu penyediaan bahan baku, penyediaan peralatan produksi, membantu memproduksi jenis barang tertentu serta membantu menjual dan memasarkannya hasil produksi tersebut. Sebaiknya anggotanya terdiri atas unit produksi yang sejenis. Semakin banyak jumlah penyediaan barang maupun penjualan barang maka semakin kuat daya tawar terhadap suplier dan pembeli.
B. Jenis koperasi berdasarkan tingkat dan luas daerah kerja :
1. Koperasi Primer
Koperasi primer ialah koperasi yang yang minimal memiliki anggota sebanyak 20 orang perseorangan.
2. Koperasi Sekunder
Koperasi Sekunder adalah koperasi yang terdiri dari gabungan badan-badan koperasi serta memiliki cakupan daerah kerja yang luas dibandingkan dengan koperasi primer.
Koperasi sekunder dapat dibagi menjadi :
a. koperasi pusat adalah koperasi yang beranggotakan paling sedikit 5 koperasi primer
b. gabungan koperasi adalah koperasi yang anggotanya minimal 3 koperasi pusat
c. induk koperasi adalah koperasi yang minimum anggotanya adalah 3 gabungan koperasi
Permodalan Koperasi :
Yang dimaksud permodalan pada koperasi yaitu cara koperasi mendanai usaha yang akan dilaksanakan pada koperasi, biasanya ada 2 bentuk permodalan yaitu dalam bentuk uang dan barang. Koperasi mendapatkan sumber modal dari bank.
Prinsip-prinsip yang ada pada koperasi dan peran serta koperasi pada dasarnya adalah untuk memajukan pereonomian Indonesia, memperkokoh perekonomian rakyat indonesia dengan jalan pembinaan koperasi.
http://organisasi.org/jenis_jenis_koperasi_berdasarkan_fungsi_serta_tingkat_dan_luas_daerah
Minggu, 30 Oktober 2011
Sabtu, 01 Oktober 2011
Koperasi Indonesia
A. SEJARAH KOPERASI DI INDONESIA
Koperasi adalah organisasi bisnis yang dimiliki dan dioperasikan oleh orang-seorang demi kepentingan bersama. Koperasi melandaskan kegiatan berdasarkan prinsip gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan.
Dalam Penjelasan UUD 1945 itu dikatakan bahwa bangun usaha yang paling cocok dengan asas kekeluargaan itu adalah Koperasi. Tafsiran itu sering pula dikemukakan oleh Mohammad Hatta, yang sering disebut sebagai perumus pasal tersebut. Pada Penjelasan konstitusi tersebut juga dikatakan, bahwa sistem ekonomi Indonesia didasarkan pada asas Demokrasi Ekonomi, di mana produksi dilakukan oleh semua dan untuk semua yang wujudnya dapat ditafsirkan sebagai Koperasi.Dalam wacana sistem ekonomi dunia, Koperasi disebut juga sebagai the third way, atau jalan ketiga. Istilah yang akhir-akhir ini dipopulerkan oleh sosiolog Inggris, Anthony Giddens, yaitu sebagai jalan tengah antara kapitalisme dan sosialisme. Koperasi diperkenalkan di Indonesia oleh R. Aria Wiriatmadja di Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah pada tahun 1896. Ia mendirikan Koperasi kredit dengan tujuan membantu rakyatnya yang terjerat hutang dengan rentenir. R. Aria Wiriatmadja atau Tirto Adisuryo, yang kemudian dibantu pengembangannya oleh pejabat Belanda dan akhirnya menjadi program resmi pemerintah. Seorang pejabat pemerintah Belanda, yang kemudian menjadi sarjana ekonomi, Booke, juga menaruh perhatian terhadap Koperasi. Atas dasar tesisnya, tentang dualisme sosial budaya masyarakat Indonesia antara sektor modern dan sektor tradisional, ia berkesimpulan bahwa sistem usaha Koperasi lebih cocok bagi kaum pribumi daripada bentuk badan-badan usaha kapitalis. Pandangan ini agaknya disetujui oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda sehingga pemerintah kolonial itu mengadopsi kebijakan pembinaan Koperasi.Meski Koperasi tersebut berkembang pesat hingga tahun 1933-an, pemerintah Kolonial Belanda khawatir Koperasi akan dijadikan tempat pusat perlawanan, namun Koperasi menjamur kembali hingga pada masa pendudukan Jepang dan kemerdekaan. Pada tanggal 12 Juli 1947, pergerakan Koperasi di Indonesia mengadakan Kongres Koperasi yang pertama di Tasikmalaya. Hari ini kemudian ditetapkan sebagai Hari Koperasi Indonesia.Bung Hatta meneruskan tradisi pemikiran ekonomi sebelumnya. Ketertarikannya kepada sistem Koperasi agaknya adalah karena pengaruh kunjungannya ke negara-negara Skandinavia, khususnya Denmark, pada akhir tahun 1930-an. Walaupun ia sering mengaitkan Koperasi dengan nilai dan lembaga tradisional gotong-royong, namun persepsinya tentang Koperasi adalah sebuah organisasi ekonomi modern yang berkembang di Eropa Barat. Ia pernah juga membedakan antara Koperasi sosial yang berdasarkan asas gotong royong, dengan Koperasi ekonomi yang berdasarkan asas-asas ekonomi pasar yang rasional dan kompetitif. Bagi Bung Hatta, Koperasi bukanlah sebuah lembaga yang antipasar atau nonpasar dalam masyarakat tradisional. Koperasi, baginya adalah sebuah lembaga self-help lapisan masyarakat yang lemah atau rakyat kecil untuk bisa mengendalikan pasar. Karena itu Koperasi harus bisa bekerja dalam sistem pasar, dengan cara menerapkan prinsip efisiensi. Koperasi juga bukan sebuah komunitas tertutup, tetapi terbuka, dengan melayani non-anggota, walaupun dengan maksud untuk menarik mereka menjadi anggota Koperasi, setelah merasakan manfaat berhubungan dengan Koperasi. Dengan cara itulah sistem Koperasi akan mentransformasikan sistem ekonomi kapitalis yang tidak ramah terhadap pelaku ekonomi kecil melalui persaingan bebas (kompetisi), menjadi sistem yang lebih bersandar kepada kerja sama atau Koperasi, tanpa menghancurkan pasar yang kompetitif.
B. PENGERTIAN DAN PRINSIP DASAR KOPERASI
Prinsip koperasi adalah suatu sistem ide-ide abstrak yang merupakan petunjuk untuk membangun koperasi yang efektif dan tahan lama. Prinsip koperasi terbaru yang dikembangkan International Cooperative Alliance (Federasi koperasi non-pemerintah internasional) adalah keanggotaan yang bersifat terbuka dan sukarela, pengelolaan yang demokratis, partisipasi anggota dalam (ekonomi), kebebasan dan otonomi, serta pengembangan pendidikan, pelatihan, dan informasi. Prinsip koperasi di Indonesia kurang lebih sama dengan prinsip yang diakui dunia internasional dengan adanya sedikit perbedaan, yaitu adanya penjelasan mengenai SHU (Sisa Hasil Usaha).
C. TUJUAN KOPERASI
Bahwa koperasi memiliki tujuan dan peranan antara lain yaitu mengembangkan potensi dan kemampuan ekonomi anggota dan masyarakat, berupaya mempertinggi kualitas kehidupan manusia, memperkokoh perekonomian rakyat, mengembangkan perekonomian nasional, serta mengembangkan kreativitas dan jiwa berorganisasi bagi pelajar bangsa.
D. FUNGSI KOPERASI
1. Sebagai urat nadi kegiatan perekonomian indonesia
2. Sebagai upaya mendemokrasikan sosial ekonomi indonesia
3. Untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan warga negara indonesia
4. Memperkokoh perekonomian rakyat indonesia dengan jalan pembinaan koperasi
Arti dari Lambang Koperasi :
No Lambang Arti
1 Perisai Upaya keras yang ditempuh secara terus menerus. Hanya orang yang pekerja keras yang bisa menjadi calon Anggota dengan memenuhi beberapa persyaratannya.
2 Rantai (di sebelah kiri) Ikatan kekeluargaan, persatuan dan persahabatan yang kokoh. Bahwa anggota sebuah Koperasi adalah Pemilik Koperasi tersebut, maka semua Anggota menjadi bersahabat, bersatu dalam kekeluargaan, dan yang mengikat sesama anggota adalah hukum yang dirancang sebagai Anggaran Dasar (AD) / Anggaran Rumah Tangga (ART) Koperasi. Dengan bersama-sama bersepakat mentaati AD/ART, maka Padi dan Kapas akan mudah diperoleh.
3 Kapas dan Padi (di sebelah kanan) Kemakmuran anggota koperasi secara khusus dan rakyat secara umum yang diusahakan oleh koperasi. Kapas sebagai bahan dasar sandang (pakaian), dan Padi sebagai bahan dasar pangan (makanan). Mayoritas sudah disebut makmur-sejahtera jika cukup sandang dan pangan.
4 Timbangan Keadilan sosial sebagai salah satu dasar koperasi. Biasanya menjadi simbol hukum. Semua Anggota koperasi harus adil dan seimbang antara "Rantai" dan "Padi-Kapas", antara "Kewajiban" dan "Hak". Dan yang menyeimbangkan itu adalah Bintang dalam Perisai.
5 Bintang Dalam perisai yang dimaksud adalah Pancasila, merupakan landasan ideal koperasi. Bahwa Anggota Koperasi yang baik adalah yang mengindahkan nilai-nilai keyakinan dan kepercayaan, yang mendengarkan suara hatinya. Perisai bisa berarti "tubuh", dan Bintang bisa diartikan "Hati".
6 Pohon Beringin Simbol kehidupan, sebagaimana pohon dalam Gunungan wayang yang dirancang oleh Sunan Kalijaga. Dahan pohon disebut kayu (dari bahasa Arab "Hayyu"/kehidupan). Timbangan dan Bintang dalam Perisai menjadi nilai hidup yang harus dijunjung tinggi.
7 Koperasi Indonesia Koperasi yang dimaksud adalah koperasi rakyat Indonesia, bukan Koperasi negara lain. Tata-kelola dan tata-kuasa perkoperasian di luar negeri juga baik, namun sebagai Bangsa Indonesia harus punya tata-nilai sendiri.
8 Warna Merah Putih Warna merah dan putih yang menjadi background logo menggambarkan sifat nasional Indonesia.
Source :
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koperasi
http://organisasi.org/arti_pengertian_definisi_fungsi_dan_peranan_koperasi_koprasi_indonesia_dan_dunia_ilmu_ekonomi_koperasi_ekop
Edited :
Made Wisnu Wijaya
Koperasi adalah organisasi bisnis yang dimiliki dan dioperasikan oleh orang-seorang demi kepentingan bersama. Koperasi melandaskan kegiatan berdasarkan prinsip gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan.
Dalam Penjelasan UUD 1945 itu dikatakan bahwa bangun usaha yang paling cocok dengan asas kekeluargaan itu adalah Koperasi. Tafsiran itu sering pula dikemukakan oleh Mohammad Hatta, yang sering disebut sebagai perumus pasal tersebut. Pada Penjelasan konstitusi tersebut juga dikatakan, bahwa sistem ekonomi Indonesia didasarkan pada asas Demokrasi Ekonomi, di mana produksi dilakukan oleh semua dan untuk semua yang wujudnya dapat ditafsirkan sebagai Koperasi.Dalam wacana sistem ekonomi dunia, Koperasi disebut juga sebagai the third way, atau jalan ketiga. Istilah yang akhir-akhir ini dipopulerkan oleh sosiolog Inggris, Anthony Giddens, yaitu sebagai jalan tengah antara kapitalisme dan sosialisme. Koperasi diperkenalkan di Indonesia oleh R. Aria Wiriatmadja di Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah pada tahun 1896. Ia mendirikan Koperasi kredit dengan tujuan membantu rakyatnya yang terjerat hutang dengan rentenir. R. Aria Wiriatmadja atau Tirto Adisuryo, yang kemudian dibantu pengembangannya oleh pejabat Belanda dan akhirnya menjadi program resmi pemerintah. Seorang pejabat pemerintah Belanda, yang kemudian menjadi sarjana ekonomi, Booke, juga menaruh perhatian terhadap Koperasi. Atas dasar tesisnya, tentang dualisme sosial budaya masyarakat Indonesia antara sektor modern dan sektor tradisional, ia berkesimpulan bahwa sistem usaha Koperasi lebih cocok bagi kaum pribumi daripada bentuk badan-badan usaha kapitalis. Pandangan ini agaknya disetujui oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda sehingga pemerintah kolonial itu mengadopsi kebijakan pembinaan Koperasi.Meski Koperasi tersebut berkembang pesat hingga tahun 1933-an, pemerintah Kolonial Belanda khawatir Koperasi akan dijadikan tempat pusat perlawanan, namun Koperasi menjamur kembali hingga pada masa pendudukan Jepang dan kemerdekaan. Pada tanggal 12 Juli 1947, pergerakan Koperasi di Indonesia mengadakan Kongres Koperasi yang pertama di Tasikmalaya. Hari ini kemudian ditetapkan sebagai Hari Koperasi Indonesia.Bung Hatta meneruskan tradisi pemikiran ekonomi sebelumnya. Ketertarikannya kepada sistem Koperasi agaknya adalah karena pengaruh kunjungannya ke negara-negara Skandinavia, khususnya Denmark, pada akhir tahun 1930-an. Walaupun ia sering mengaitkan Koperasi dengan nilai dan lembaga tradisional gotong-royong, namun persepsinya tentang Koperasi adalah sebuah organisasi ekonomi modern yang berkembang di Eropa Barat. Ia pernah juga membedakan antara Koperasi sosial yang berdasarkan asas gotong royong, dengan Koperasi ekonomi yang berdasarkan asas-asas ekonomi pasar yang rasional dan kompetitif. Bagi Bung Hatta, Koperasi bukanlah sebuah lembaga yang antipasar atau nonpasar dalam masyarakat tradisional. Koperasi, baginya adalah sebuah lembaga self-help lapisan masyarakat yang lemah atau rakyat kecil untuk bisa mengendalikan pasar. Karena itu Koperasi harus bisa bekerja dalam sistem pasar, dengan cara menerapkan prinsip efisiensi. Koperasi juga bukan sebuah komunitas tertutup, tetapi terbuka, dengan melayani non-anggota, walaupun dengan maksud untuk menarik mereka menjadi anggota Koperasi, setelah merasakan manfaat berhubungan dengan Koperasi. Dengan cara itulah sistem Koperasi akan mentransformasikan sistem ekonomi kapitalis yang tidak ramah terhadap pelaku ekonomi kecil melalui persaingan bebas (kompetisi), menjadi sistem yang lebih bersandar kepada kerja sama atau Koperasi, tanpa menghancurkan pasar yang kompetitif.
B. PENGERTIAN DAN PRINSIP DASAR KOPERASI
Prinsip koperasi adalah suatu sistem ide-ide abstrak yang merupakan petunjuk untuk membangun koperasi yang efektif dan tahan lama. Prinsip koperasi terbaru yang dikembangkan International Cooperative Alliance (Federasi koperasi non-pemerintah internasional) adalah keanggotaan yang bersifat terbuka dan sukarela, pengelolaan yang demokratis, partisipasi anggota dalam (ekonomi), kebebasan dan otonomi, serta pengembangan pendidikan, pelatihan, dan informasi. Prinsip koperasi di Indonesia kurang lebih sama dengan prinsip yang diakui dunia internasional dengan adanya sedikit perbedaan, yaitu adanya penjelasan mengenai SHU (Sisa Hasil Usaha).
C. TUJUAN KOPERASI
Bahwa koperasi memiliki tujuan dan peranan antara lain yaitu mengembangkan potensi dan kemampuan ekonomi anggota dan masyarakat, berupaya mempertinggi kualitas kehidupan manusia, memperkokoh perekonomian rakyat, mengembangkan perekonomian nasional, serta mengembangkan kreativitas dan jiwa berorganisasi bagi pelajar bangsa.
D. FUNGSI KOPERASI
1. Sebagai urat nadi kegiatan perekonomian indonesia
2. Sebagai upaya mendemokrasikan sosial ekonomi indonesia
3. Untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan warga negara indonesia
4. Memperkokoh perekonomian rakyat indonesia dengan jalan pembinaan koperasi
Arti dari Lambang Koperasi :
No Lambang Arti
1 Perisai Upaya keras yang ditempuh secara terus menerus. Hanya orang yang pekerja keras yang bisa menjadi calon Anggota dengan memenuhi beberapa persyaratannya.
2 Rantai (di sebelah kiri) Ikatan kekeluargaan, persatuan dan persahabatan yang kokoh. Bahwa anggota sebuah Koperasi adalah Pemilik Koperasi tersebut, maka semua Anggota menjadi bersahabat, bersatu dalam kekeluargaan, dan yang mengikat sesama anggota adalah hukum yang dirancang sebagai Anggaran Dasar (AD) / Anggaran Rumah Tangga (ART) Koperasi. Dengan bersama-sama bersepakat mentaati AD/ART, maka Padi dan Kapas akan mudah diperoleh.
3 Kapas dan Padi (di sebelah kanan) Kemakmuran anggota koperasi secara khusus dan rakyat secara umum yang diusahakan oleh koperasi. Kapas sebagai bahan dasar sandang (pakaian), dan Padi sebagai bahan dasar pangan (makanan). Mayoritas sudah disebut makmur-sejahtera jika cukup sandang dan pangan.
4 Timbangan Keadilan sosial sebagai salah satu dasar koperasi. Biasanya menjadi simbol hukum. Semua Anggota koperasi harus adil dan seimbang antara "Rantai" dan "Padi-Kapas", antara "Kewajiban" dan "Hak". Dan yang menyeimbangkan itu adalah Bintang dalam Perisai.
5 Bintang Dalam perisai yang dimaksud adalah Pancasila, merupakan landasan ideal koperasi. Bahwa Anggota Koperasi yang baik adalah yang mengindahkan nilai-nilai keyakinan dan kepercayaan, yang mendengarkan suara hatinya. Perisai bisa berarti "tubuh", dan Bintang bisa diartikan "Hati".
6 Pohon Beringin Simbol kehidupan, sebagaimana pohon dalam Gunungan wayang yang dirancang oleh Sunan Kalijaga. Dahan pohon disebut kayu (dari bahasa Arab "Hayyu"/kehidupan). Timbangan dan Bintang dalam Perisai menjadi nilai hidup yang harus dijunjung tinggi.
7 Koperasi Indonesia Koperasi yang dimaksud adalah koperasi rakyat Indonesia, bukan Koperasi negara lain. Tata-kelola dan tata-kuasa perkoperasian di luar negeri juga baik, namun sebagai Bangsa Indonesia harus punya tata-nilai sendiri.
8 Warna Merah Putih Warna merah dan putih yang menjadi background logo menggambarkan sifat nasional Indonesia.
Source :
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koperasi
http://organisasi.org/arti_pengertian_definisi_fungsi_dan_peranan_koperasi_koprasi_indonesia_dan_dunia_ilmu_ekonomi_koperasi_ekop
Edited :
Made Wisnu Wijaya
Kamis, 04 Agustus 2011
About David Villa Sanchez
Name: David Villa Sanchez
Position: Forward
Place of birth: Tuilla, Langreo
Date of birth: 03-12-1981
Height: 175cm
Weight: 69kg
Debut: FC Barcelona-Sevilla FC (4-0, Spanish Super Cup), 21/08/2010
David Villa, 28, moved to FC Barcelona on 21st May 2010, just five days after the team won the second consecutive league title of the Guardiola era.
David Villa Sanchez made his first division debut with Zaragoza but really made his name with Valencia. However, his roots are in the mining region of Asturias in northern Spain where his father was a miner. He joined the youth teams of local club Sporting Gijon and soon made his way up the ranks to the first team.
He’s the 11th Asturias –born player to defend the Barca colours – previous famous compatriots in recent years being Quini, in the 80’s and former Barca captain Luis Enrique. Both of them recommended Barca to Villa.
David Villa’s career has been characterized by his unerring ability to score plenty of goals. In his seven seasons in the first division before joining Barca he never scored less than 15 a season.
He joins Barca in his prime – he’s 28 – and is a proven striker. He spent two years with Zaragoza (2003-05) and five with Valencia (2005-10), scoring 140 goals in 239 matches.
Despite his individual talent, he has collected relatively little silverware – two Cup medals and a Spanish Super Cup. So he joins Barca with plenty of hunger for honours.
His honours were dramatically extended after just one year at Barça. In 2010/11, playing on the left side of attack under Josep Guardiola, Villa won the Spanish Supercup, the league and the Champions League. He ended the season with a cracking goal in the Wembley final against Manchester United.
Villa is also a key part of the international team and, after the South African World Cup, has scored more World Cup goals than any other Spanish players. He played a huge role in Spain’s victory. His five goals made him Spain’s top scorer and – together with Müller (Germany), Snejder (Holland) and Forlán (Uruguay) – also the tournament’s top scorer.
PROFILE
He’s not especially big for a striker (1.75 m and 69 kg). His main virtue is his ability to shoot with both feet. As a child, he had a medical problem with his right leg so he focussed on his left, eventually becoming two-footed. In addition he’s an excellent header of the ball – an authentic goal machine.
Apart from his shooting ability, ‘El Guaje’ (The Lad) as he is affectionately known, is amazingly fast and mobile – a player who looks for the pass into space. Unpredictable. Off the ball, he works hard for the team and applies constant pressure to the opposing defence. He’s a charismatic player, a winner, who can turn a game at any moment.
CAREER
2010-11 FC Barcelona
2009-10 Valencia CF
2008-09 Valencia CF
2007-08 Valencia CF
2006-07 Valencia CF
2005-06 Valencia CF
2004-05 Real Zaragoza
2003-04 Real Zaragoza
2002-03 Sporting Gijón
2001-02 Sporting Gijón
2000-01 Sporting Gijón
Position: Forward
Place of birth: Tuilla, Langreo
Date of birth: 03-12-1981
Height: 175cm
Weight: 69kg
Debut: FC Barcelona-Sevilla FC (4-0, Spanish Super Cup), 21/08/2010
David Villa, 28, moved to FC Barcelona on 21st May 2010, just five days after the team won the second consecutive league title of the Guardiola era.
David Villa Sanchez made his first division debut with Zaragoza but really made his name with Valencia. However, his roots are in the mining region of Asturias in northern Spain where his father was a miner. He joined the youth teams of local club Sporting Gijon and soon made his way up the ranks to the first team.
He’s the 11th Asturias –born player to defend the Barca colours – previous famous compatriots in recent years being Quini, in the 80’s and former Barca captain Luis Enrique. Both of them recommended Barca to Villa.
David Villa’s career has been characterized by his unerring ability to score plenty of goals. In his seven seasons in the first division before joining Barca he never scored less than 15 a season.
He joins Barca in his prime – he’s 28 – and is a proven striker. He spent two years with Zaragoza (2003-05) and five with Valencia (2005-10), scoring 140 goals in 239 matches.
Despite his individual talent, he has collected relatively little silverware – two Cup medals and a Spanish Super Cup. So he joins Barca with plenty of hunger for honours.
His honours were dramatically extended after just one year at Barça. In 2010/11, playing on the left side of attack under Josep Guardiola, Villa won the Spanish Supercup, the league and the Champions League. He ended the season with a cracking goal in the Wembley final against Manchester United.
Villa is also a key part of the international team and, after the South African World Cup, has scored more World Cup goals than any other Spanish players. He played a huge role in Spain’s victory. His five goals made him Spain’s top scorer and – together with Müller (Germany), Snejder (Holland) and Forlán (Uruguay) – also the tournament’s top scorer.
PROFILE
He’s not especially big for a striker (1.75 m and 69 kg). His main virtue is his ability to shoot with both feet. As a child, he had a medical problem with his right leg so he focussed on his left, eventually becoming two-footed. In addition he’s an excellent header of the ball – an authentic goal machine.
Apart from his shooting ability, ‘El Guaje’ (The Lad) as he is affectionately known, is amazingly fast and mobile – a player who looks for the pass into space. Unpredictable. Off the ball, he works hard for the team and applies constant pressure to the opposing defence. He’s a charismatic player, a winner, who can turn a game at any moment.
CAREER
2010-11 FC Barcelona
2009-10 Valencia CF
2008-09 Valencia CF
2007-08 Valencia CF
2006-07 Valencia CF
2005-06 Valencia CF
2004-05 Real Zaragoza
2003-04 Real Zaragoza
2002-03 Sporting Gijón
2001-02 Sporting Gijón
2000-01 Sporting Gijón
Kamis, 12 Mei 2011
Softskill Tugas 2
1. We had our treasury Bought our new books yesterday. (buy / buys / bought / to buy)
2. She has her mom cooked dinner for her. (cook / cooks / cooked / to cook )
3. He had his brother done his homework last night (do / does / did / done)
4. Tom is having Bill written the report at the moment. (write / writes / writing / written)
5. Mike has Jenni saved his data. (save / saving / saves / saved)
6. Bob has his packages delivered by the postman. ( deliver / delivers / delivered / delivery)
7. Eddy had_his data changed by his secretary last week. (change / changes / changed / changing)
8. Marie is having her house painted by the workmen at the moment. ( paint / painting / painted / paints)
9. Jonny has his car parked by the parking man. (park / parks / parking / parked)
10. They are having their maid cleaned their room right now. (clean / cleaned / cleans / cleaning)
2. She has her mom cooked dinner for her. (cook / cooks / cooked / to cook )
3. He had his brother done his homework last night (do / does / did / done)
4. Tom is having Bill written the report at the moment. (write / writes / writing / written)
5. Mike has Jenni saved his data. (save / saving / saves / saved)
6. Bob has his packages delivered by the postman. ( deliver / delivers / delivered / delivery)
7. Eddy had_his data changed by his secretary last week. (change / changes / changed / changing)
8. Marie is having her house painted by the workmen at the moment. ( paint / painting / painted / paints)
9. Jonny has his car parked by the parking man. (park / parks / parking / parked)
10. They are having their maid cleaned their room right now. (clean / cleaned / cleans / cleaning)
Senin, 09 Mei 2011
Love..Love..and Love
Love it is a life ..
There is a pulse, breathing, thinking, hearing, seeing, and feel ..
Love is the feeling and logic are united ..
There is patience, sincerity, trust,
Never count the mistakes and forgive pobud ..
And the amount of love, you'll know when will lose ..
Like a cup of wine ..
That every tetesannya can revive all the dead ..
That every tenggukannya able satiate your stomach, and was never hungry again ..
That each fragrance can change all that bad for the better ..
There is a separate lesson ..
When I have to lose ..
That is called sincerity ..
Difficult as difficult as grasping a star in the sky ..
Sincerity not just let go of something ..
Rather full of sacrifice, and sincere ..
Dream flung to the ground, and dream again ..
I have to do it for the best ..
But the best thing that does not mean something that is perfect ..
But the best thing that does not mean that such sesuati our dreams ..
The best thing is the answer from God's holy ..
Is a point and a destiny ..
Again I found myself ..
After all that has happened ..
There is a pulse, breathing, thinking, hearing, seeing, and feel ..
Love is the feeling and logic are united ..
There is patience, sincerity, trust,
Never count the mistakes and forgive pobud ..
And the amount of love, you'll know when will lose ..
Like a cup of wine ..
That every tetesannya can revive all the dead ..
That every tenggukannya able satiate your stomach, and was never hungry again ..
That each fragrance can change all that bad for the better ..
There is a separate lesson ..
When I have to lose ..
That is called sincerity ..
Difficult as difficult as grasping a star in the sky ..
Sincerity not just let go of something ..
Rather full of sacrifice, and sincere ..
Dream flung to the ground, and dream again ..
I have to do it for the best ..
But the best thing that does not mean something that is perfect ..
But the best thing that does not mean that such sesuati our dreams ..
The best thing is the answer from God's holy ..
Is a point and a destiny ..
Again I found myself ..
After all that has happened ..
Cyber Crime
Cyber crime is a term that refers to the activities of crime with a computer or computer network becomes a tool, target or scene of the crime. Included in cybercrimes include online auction fraud, check forgery, credit card fraud / carding, confidence fraud, identity fraud, child pornography, etc..
Although cyber crime or cybercrime generally refers to criminal activity with a computer or computer network as its main element, the term is also used for traditional criminal activity where computers or computer networks are used to facilitate or enable the crime occurred.
Examples of cyber crime where the computer as a tool is spamming and crimes against copyright and intellectual property. Examples of cyber crime where the computer as the target is illegal access (to fool access control), malware and DoS attacks. Examples of cyber crime as a place where the computer is identity fraud. While examples of traditional crimes with a computer as a tool is child pornography and online gambling.
Information and communication technology combined with the Internet has opened up the possibility of the emergence of activity in all fields and categories. Nevertheless, it has not been matched by the readiness of the legal world and a tool perlengakapannya. Cyber crime is not a simple crime, because the proof is difficult and often faced with the absence of clear rules and firm. Not seldom the culprit managed to commit fraud to hundreds of thousands of dollars and other losses on a computer data network system, was only sentenced to one or two years in prison.
Someone who commit crimes of this type often do not have a motive to profit economically. Other elements such as challenges, personal enjoyment (joycomputing), even proving the technical skill involved in it often. In the Introduction to Data Security and Control, Edward R. Buck gives certain characteristics of people who have a strong tendency to make cyber crime, namely:
- enjoys a challenge;
- age between 18 to 46 years;
- energetic;
- friendly; and
- intelligent.
Cyber crime community in a global community of Internet users is a matter that can be consciously or unconsciously, intentionally or unintentionally made. This happens because the technological development of information and level of intellect / intelligence community is increasing. Factor of the Internet itself also creates virtual rumors on Internet users to keep and keep searching and trying.
Misuse of computers both as subject, object, tool or as a symbol would have become a scourge of its own for traffic safety relationship between users of Internet services. Among the various forms of cyber crime of the most troubling is the manipulation of the computer community as part of computer-related economic crimes, and to copy and sell copies of unauthorized computer software.
In the end that is needed is increased cyber security factors that can come from service providers and information, and above all must come from the readiness of law and enforcement.
Source: http://denet.hforum.biz/t42-kejahatan-dunia-maya
Although cyber crime or cybercrime generally refers to criminal activity with a computer or computer network as its main element, the term is also used for traditional criminal activity where computers or computer networks are used to facilitate or enable the crime occurred.
Examples of cyber crime where the computer as a tool is spamming and crimes against copyright and intellectual property. Examples of cyber crime where the computer as the target is illegal access (to fool access control), malware and DoS attacks. Examples of cyber crime as a place where the computer is identity fraud. While examples of traditional crimes with a computer as a tool is child pornography and online gambling.
Information and communication technology combined with the Internet has opened up the possibility of the emergence of activity in all fields and categories. Nevertheless, it has not been matched by the readiness of the legal world and a tool perlengakapannya. Cyber crime is not a simple crime, because the proof is difficult and often faced with the absence of clear rules and firm. Not seldom the culprit managed to commit fraud to hundreds of thousands of dollars and other losses on a computer data network system, was only sentenced to one or two years in prison.
Someone who commit crimes of this type often do not have a motive to profit economically. Other elements such as challenges, personal enjoyment (joycomputing), even proving the technical skill involved in it often. In the Introduction to Data Security and Control, Edward R. Buck gives certain characteristics of people who have a strong tendency to make cyber crime, namely:
- enjoys a challenge;
- age between 18 to 46 years;
- energetic;
- friendly; and
- intelligent.
Cyber crime community in a global community of Internet users is a matter that can be consciously or unconsciously, intentionally or unintentionally made. This happens because the technological development of information and level of intellect / intelligence community is increasing. Factor of the Internet itself also creates virtual rumors on Internet users to keep and keep searching and trying.
Misuse of computers both as subject, object, tool or as a symbol would have become a scourge of its own for traffic safety relationship between users of Internet services. Among the various forms of cyber crime of the most troubling is the manipulation of the computer community as part of computer-related economic crimes, and to copy and sell copies of unauthorized computer software.
In the end that is needed is increased cyber security factors that can come from service providers and information, and above all must come from the readiness of law and enforcement.
Source: http://denet.hforum.biz/t42-kejahatan-dunia-maya
Selasa, 03 Mei 2011
Earth Hour!
What is Earth Hour? At precisely 8:30pm Jakarta time on Saturday March 26th, thousands of people around Indonesia were participating in the worldwide event, known as Earth Hour. Earth Hour is a time of awareness on how to conserve energy and a small step towards saving our planet. Although many people participate in Earth Hour, it is only the beginning of the long journey that lies ahead. Now the earth is facing serious problems such as: Global Warming, Pollution, Deforestation and many more issues that threaten to destroy our planet.
Earth Hour is very logical and intelligent. Many of people seem to know about Earth Hour, and how it’s started to help our community. It has resulted in a noticeable drop in power consumption. Half an hour after the event had started, the black out campaign saved approximately 600 megawatt, recorded by the state-owned electricity company, PLN. (Last year, they saved up to 120 megawatt for 30 minutes). The amount of energy saved this year happened due to the contribution from the Jakarta government, who has hosted Earth Hour 3 times in a row, and hopefully more to come. Many buildings of Central Jakarta joined the global Earth Hour, switching their lights off.
During Earth Hour: Although, 5 times more energy was saved this year, only 30% of the people I surveyed participated in the global campaign. Another 30% of the people in my community, seemed to know or have heard about Earth Hour, but didn’t seem to realize that the date was set on the last Saturday of March. Many people said, “We heard about it, but no one really seemed to bring the matter up, so we didn’t know when or how long it would be.”
Here’s a girl and her family who had the most exciting time, celebrating this black-out campaign: Jade, 13, from Jakarta International School decided to just have a nice and quiet memorable Earth Hour, with her family. “We just turned off all the lights at first, but then went a bit extreme and decided to cut all of the electricity! During the first hour we just chilled, and had some snacks; but as soon as 9:30pm came around, we challenged ourselves with another half -hour! We played a game of monopoly in the dark, lit by only a few candle lights.” Jade says with a smile on her face. “We just laughed and thought how cool it would be to see the city before and during earth hour. We thought it was fun and that we should have them more often!”
What the government has done: Up until today, many campaigns and outdoor activities have been created for environmental awareness. The government has been a huge help (but we still need more) so the only thing standing in the way of us making planet earth a better place; is us. The city of Jakarta is not the best looking city in the world. There are shanty houses, ruined sidewalks, pollution, barely any green and, too many vehicles.
According to the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation, Indonesia has about 50.1 million registered cars scattered throughout the major islands. The number of registered vehicles in Jakarta is nearing 9.5 million, including about 2 million cars and 6.6 million motorcycles. Each day, around 1,000 new motorcycles and 300 hundred new cars are registered in Jakarta alone.
The Jakarta government have taken a few steps by doing green campaign activities for example: there is a car free day in Jalan Thamrin, and Jalan Sudirman every last Sunday of the month. There seems to be some people that are interested to try and promote bike to work movement. But is that enough?
On that note, we must agree. As much as the energy we saved this year, we have to remember, it won’t heal the world. So remember, every small thing we start to do, it’ll make a difference.
By: Chesney Collyer
Editing : Made Wisnu Wijaya
Earth Hour is very logical and intelligent. Many of people seem to know about Earth Hour, and how it’s started to help our community. It has resulted in a noticeable drop in power consumption. Half an hour after the event had started, the black out campaign saved approximately 600 megawatt, recorded by the state-owned electricity company, PLN. (Last year, they saved up to 120 megawatt for 30 minutes). The amount of energy saved this year happened due to the contribution from the Jakarta government, who has hosted Earth Hour 3 times in a row, and hopefully more to come. Many buildings of Central Jakarta joined the global Earth Hour, switching their lights off.
During Earth Hour: Although, 5 times more energy was saved this year, only 30% of the people I surveyed participated in the global campaign. Another 30% of the people in my community, seemed to know or have heard about Earth Hour, but didn’t seem to realize that the date was set on the last Saturday of March. Many people said, “We heard about it, but no one really seemed to bring the matter up, so we didn’t know when or how long it would be.”
Here’s a girl and her family who had the most exciting time, celebrating this black-out campaign: Jade, 13, from Jakarta International School decided to just have a nice and quiet memorable Earth Hour, with her family. “We just turned off all the lights at first, but then went a bit extreme and decided to cut all of the electricity! During the first hour we just chilled, and had some snacks; but as soon as 9:30pm came around, we challenged ourselves with another half -hour! We played a game of monopoly in the dark, lit by only a few candle lights.” Jade says with a smile on her face. “We just laughed and thought how cool it would be to see the city before and during earth hour. We thought it was fun and that we should have them more often!”
What the government has done: Up until today, many campaigns and outdoor activities have been created for environmental awareness. The government has been a huge help (but we still need more) so the only thing standing in the way of us making planet earth a better place; is us. The city of Jakarta is not the best looking city in the world. There are shanty houses, ruined sidewalks, pollution, barely any green and, too many vehicles.
According to the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation, Indonesia has about 50.1 million registered cars scattered throughout the major islands. The number of registered vehicles in Jakarta is nearing 9.5 million, including about 2 million cars and 6.6 million motorcycles. Each day, around 1,000 new motorcycles and 300 hundred new cars are registered in Jakarta alone.
The Jakarta government have taken a few steps by doing green campaign activities for example: there is a car free day in Jalan Thamrin, and Jalan Sudirman every last Sunday of the month. There seems to be some people that are interested to try and promote bike to work movement. But is that enough?
On that note, we must agree. As much as the energy we saved this year, we have to remember, it won’t heal the world. So remember, every small thing we start to do, it’ll make a difference.
By: Chesney Collyer
Editing : Made Wisnu Wijaya
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